The purpose of simplifying the classification of living things are the objects studied so easily recognizable and may eventually be used for the benefit of man. A number of organisms can be classified according to certain system or a system that was followed. By comparing the characteristics and its properties that show a lot of / at least similarities and differences that exist between organisms with one another, we can determine much close kinship. To study the diversity of living things with their classification can be done in various ways, such as: identify the object / examples / pictures, ask the experts, and use the key determination dichotomy. From time to time, the classification system is experiencing growth or changes in accordance with technological advances. There are three kinds of classification systems in living beings, which is based on Artificial Systems (Artificial), System Natural (Natural), and System phylogeny.
- Artificial Classification System (Artificial)
This classification system is much linked to the interests of human life, habitat, or the habit of living organisms thus more easily recognized or understood. The goal is to make it easier to know xylem / properties and benefits of the organisms studied, and so it would be easy strived for cultivation according to their needs. The downside of this artificial classification is an organism has the benefit of a variety, so it can not be classified in one class only. For example, red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum) can be classified as vegetable crops, medicinal plants, crops, tanamanhortikultur, herbaceous crops, industrial crops (chili sauce), ornamental plants, and others. Similarly, the chicken can be classified as laying birds or broilers, and also the class Aves that are part of the sub-phylum of vertebrates. In plants known to some basic classification, such as:
- By age: There are annual plant or a year (example: red pepper and sunflower) and there are annual plants (eg pine, teak, Rasamala, mango, teak, alpuket, and so on.
- Based usefulness: There is food crops (eg, rice, maize, wheat), there horticultural crops (Example: ornamentals, vegetables, and fruit), there are plantation crops (eg rubber, oil palm, sugar cane), and there are plants refreshment (eg coffee, cocoa), and herbs (eg turmeric, ginger, Intersection-findings), and so on.
- Based on adaptability / habitat: There is a plant hidrofit (plants like the aquatic environment, such as kale, genjer, hyacinth), there are plants serofit (plants resistant dry areas, such as cactus), and there are plants mesofit (plants that like soil containing water are quite alone, or like areas experiencing drought and rainy rotation balance, such as: mahogany, teak).
- Based on the life habits (habitus): There is a herbaceous plant (wet, grass, such as: cabbage, carrots), there is a herbaceous plant (small trees woody, like hibiscus, cotton), no plant trees (eg mango, teak), and No plant liana (climbing, like: yam), there epipit plants (plants live attached to other plants, such as orchids), and parasitic plants (plant life and the ride is detrimental to the host for example: the parasite, dodder.
- Based on the nutritional content or substance primarily: There is a plant source of carbohydrates (eg rice, cassava, corn, sago), there are plant sources of protein (eg, soybeans, green beans, plant sources of fat (eg, pecans, coconut, palm), and plant so
- urces of vitamins and minerals (for example: a wide variety of vegetables and fruit).
- Natural Classification System (Natural)
- Phylogeny Classification System
The classification system is basing classification phylogeny of organisms along the line of evolution or nature of the genetic development of an organism from the first to the cell into its present form. This classification system is affected by the development of the theory of evolution. Different morphological organism, it does not necessarily have genetically different as a result of the interaction of genes-genes with its environment as described in the initial description of this module, namely as a result of the diversity of genes on the individual level. Excess phylogeny classification system is easy to see the degree of kinship between individuals.
Groups of individuals at the level of individual taxa is demonstrating this kind can be crossed and produce fertile offspring. Therefore, individuals at the level of the same genus may be crossed only produce offspring sterile like a cross between a lion (Felis leo) with a wide leopard (Felis tigris) produce the kind Leopons (lion-head, but the body tiger) barren, especially at the level of the taxon higher. Flow classification phylogeny like Whitaker (1969) considered that the division of the World (USA) Beings into two categories is not appropriate, because there are some groups of living things are categorized to both. For example, Euglena, Volvoc, Chlamydomonas, etc. is chlorophyll and move freely with flagelnya that form between plants and animals, so he put it into a separate Kingdom, namely the Protista. Similarly, class fungi possess heterotrophic (saprophytic), lack chlorophyll, and the content of reserve food is glycogen, as well as body tissue never form a complex network that indicates something far different nature of the plant, so he put Kingdom alone, namely Mycota.
One more thing is the group of bacteria, even if the cell has walls made of cellulose, but the organism is not able to form a network (only able to form colonies), are not even able to organize DNA / DNA into chromosomes and the inability to package the material the cell nucleus into an organelle nucleus, so it is a group of prokaryotic organisms. This class of prokaryotic organisms all his life only capable of forming the body of the cell or colony alone, so he named it as the Kingdom Monera.
